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The neolatifundios seen by the World Bank

In recent years, acquisitions of large tracts of land for agricultural use has become a global phenomenon, and with it the possible negative impacts that land grabbing.

This hoarding may have different characteristics. There are states who buy land to other states to ensure their own food security to an uncertain future, or to ensure the supply of biofuels. There are also transnational corporations that invest at attractive economic prospects of the business of food production (predicted a future of rising prices), by the growing global demand for biofuels, or just do it for speculative purposes, in a context in which the financial crisis revalued some assets such as land and other natural resources.

There are national processes, such as Peru, where land grabbing is stimulated by neoliberal policies and pro exporting state, both for the export of high value food products like biodiesel and ethanol.

According to a recent World Bank report, by 2008 four million hectares had been large transactions of lands suitable for agriculture, whereas by the end of 2009 this number had increased to 45 million hectares, both in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The report stresses that this process has generated two schools of thought: some see an opportunity for countries whose lands have not received the investment and technology development have reached an appropriate and requiring the creation of new jobs. In contrast, others stress the risks for weak states, where property rights are poorly defined and regulatory institutions do not have sufficient resources. In these cases, the concentration of land could result in the benefit of a few, in the deepening of inequalities and resource degradation.

To reduce the side effects can lead hoarding land and large agricultural investments, the World Bank, in accordance with FAO, IFAD and the UNCTAD, made seven principles: (1) respect existing rights over land and natural resources, (2) ensure food security , (3) ensure transparency, good governance and an enabling environment, (4) refer to those who may be materially affected, arrangements must be registered and complied with, (5) reflect best industry practices, (6 ) be socially sustainable, and (7) be environmentally sustainable.

little doubt that Peru is located, unfortunately, in the States with little ability to put forward the interest public about the interests of big capital, in which the rights of communities over communal resources are becoming less respected and in which regulatory agencies have not only not enough resources, but are also permeated by corruption, as COFOPRI case shows.

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According to President Alan García, Peru is not an agricultural country, "but" essentially mining ". [1] Why? According to the president, for three reasons: because the amount of farmland per capita is low, lower than in Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina [2] ; because for food security ("idea that no longer serves in the world," he says) more important for domestic food production is to have resources to import food, as does Japan, thirdly, because in the history of the country's indigenous peasant communities were confined to the poorest lands.

Some clarifications are relevant.

First, it would be desirable that Peru was characterized not by natural resources he owns, but for excellence in transforming them. So do the developed economies, adding value to raw materials. The problem of Peru throughout its history that has continued until today as a primary basic economics, with little development of transformational capabilities, with incipient industry and poor education system (base for the formation of human capital to economy processing). President Garcia thinks like a nineteenth-century ruler.

Second, if we enter a presidential logic Peru characterize the economic importance of its resources, the contribution of agriculture to gross domestic product is similar to mine, with three major differences: (1) agriculture provides direct employment to nearly a third of the country's workers, while mining does to one percent, (2) agriculture is the backbone of the economy in most regions, while mining tends to have characteristics of location, (3) agricultural activity, being conducted by hundreds of thousands of families, decentralized source of income, while huge mining income focus basically a few large companies.

Third, give it an agriculture secundón a pilgrim, arguing that "security Food is an idea that no longer serves in the world "and that gas can be redeemed for food, is not only against common sense, but in direct opposition to global concerns about the food problem, particularly since 2008, and which echo the multilateral agencies such as FAO and even the World Bank.

not without reason the president, however, when he says that communities in the story were confined to the poorest lands. He himself is dealing with this unfortunate tradition continue!

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[1] Entrevista al presidente García publicada como suplemento especial del diario Expreso el lunes 6 de setiembre. De lectura obligada.

[2] Según información de la FAO, la disponibilidad de tierras agrícolas por habitante es solo algo mayor en Ecuador que en el Perú, y bastante menor en Colombia.